Geothermal heat pumps, also known as ground-source heat pumps, are similar to traditional heat pumps in that they transfer heat from one location to another, but they use the constant temperature of the earth as the source of heat rather than the air outside. They work by circulating a water-based solution through a series of underground pipes to extract or reject heat from the ground.

Geothermal heat pumps are considered to be one of the most energy-efficient and cost-effective ways to heat and cool a home, especially in areas with moderate to severe winters and mild to moderate summers, such as Los Angeles. They can provide both heating and cooling, and are able to operate at high efficiencies even when outdoor temperatures are very low or high.

The efficiency of geothermal heat pumps is measured by their COP (coefficient of performance) which is similar to the SEER and HSPF ratings for conventional air-source heat pumps. The COP is typically higher for geothermal heat pumps, which means that they require less energy to produce a given amount of heating or cooling. They are capable of providing between 3-5 times more heat energy to a home than the electrical energy they consume.

The main advantages of geothermal heat pumps include:

• High efficiency: They are typically more efficient than traditional heat pumps, and can save you money on energy costs.
• Low maintenance: They require less maintenance than traditional heat pumps, and can last for decades with proper care.
• Quiet operation: They are typically very quiet, which makes them ideal for use in residential areas.
• Environmentally friendly: They use renewable energy from the ground, which means they have a lower carbon footprint than traditional heating and cooling systems.

The main disadvantage is that the installation of a geothermal heat pump is a more complex process than a traditional heat pump. The cost of installation is usually higher, however, the long-term savings on energy bills, as well as potential grants, rebates and incentives could offset the cost over time.

It’s best to consult with a professional and licensed HVAC contractor who is familiar with geothermal heat pump technology to determine whether a geothermal heat pump is the right solution for your home and budget. They can take into account factors such as the size of your home, insulation, shading, and the number of occupants, to recommend the right solution for your needs.